The Link Between Pes Cavus and Scoliosis: What You Need to Know

21/12/2025

When it comes to musculoskeletal health, the body often functions as a connected system—problems in one area can influence or signal issues elsewhere. Two such conditions that have garnered clinical attention for their possible relationship are pes cavus (high-arched feet) and scoliosis (a lateral curvature and rotation of the spine). While each condition can occur independently, emerging research and clinical observations suggest there may be important connections between the two.

In this post, we’ll explore what pes cavus and scoliosis are, how they may be linked, and what this means for patients, caregivers, and clinicians.

What is Pes Cavus?

Pes cavus, also known as high arch foot, refers to an abnormally elevated arch of the foot. This condition can be flexible or rigid and often leads to symptoms like:

Foot pain or instability
Calluses under the ball or heel of the foot
Frequent ankle sprains
Difficulty finding properly fitting shoes

Pes cavus can be congenital (present from birth), or it can develop over time, sometimes as a result of underlying neuromuscular disorders like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT).

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional change in the shape of the spine. The vertebrae rotate, laterally deviate, and extend. There can be one curve or multiple curves. Generally, there is one major curve, and secondary curves form as compensation to keep the body upright. There are different types of scoliosis: idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular, and degenerative. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type and is the type we treat most often. Idiopathic simply means there is no known cause. Symptoms include:

Uneven shoulders or waist
Rib prominence or hump on bending forward
Back pain
In severe cases, impaired lung or heart function

The Connection: Pes Cavus and Scoliosis

While pes cavus and scoliosis affect different parts of the musculoskeletal system, studies have pointed toward a possible association, particularly in the context of neuromuscular disorders.

A significant correlation has been observed between scoliosis and pes cavus. In patients where both conditions are present, the deformities may arise as secondary effects of underlying balance disturbances or central nervous system disorders. This association is often attributed to neuromuscular lesions or muscular imbalances influenced by central nervous system dysfunction, which can simultaneously affect spinal alignment and foot structure.

Some theories propose that pes cavus may lead to compensatory changes in posture and gait, which over time could contribute to spinal asymmetry or exacerbate existing spinal curvature. While this remains speculative, the concept of biomechanical interdependence in the body supports the idea that foot structure may influence spinal alignment and vice versa.

What Can You Do?

Early intervention plays a critical role in managing scoliosis and pes cavus, as addressing symptoms at an early stage can help prevent the progression of deformities and significantly reduce long-term discomfort. The use of custom footwear and orthotic inserts is particularly beneficial in alleviating foot pain, improving weight distribution, and promoting proper postural alignment, which may in turn support spinal health. Additionally, ongoing monitoring through regular medical check-ups is essential to track any changes in spinal curvature or foot structure, allowing for timely adjustments to treatment plans and better long-term outcomes.